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51.
E. L. Krick A. P. Billings F. S. Shofer S. Watanabe K. U. Sorenmo 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2009,7(2):130-138
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study is to describe the association of cytological assessment of lymph node metastasis with survival and tumour grade in dogs with mast cell tumours. Regional lymph node aspirates of 152 dogs diagnosed with a mast cell tumour were reviewed and classified according to specific cytological criteria for staging. 97 dogs (63.8%) had stage I tumours, and 55 (36.2%) had stage II tumours. Stage II dogs had a significantly shorter survival time than dogs with stage I disease (0.8 and 6.2 years, respectively; P < 0.0001). Dogs with grade III mast cell tumours were more likely to have stage II disease (P = 0.004). These results suggest that cytological evaluation of lymph nodes in dogs with mast cell tumours provides useful and valuable clinical information, and the results correlate with tumour grade and outcome thus providing a practical and non‐invasive method for staging. 相似文献
52.
M B Callan U Giger D A Oakley M V Scotti F S Shofer 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(10):1760-1764
In veterinary medicine, PCV determined by centrifugation of blood in a microhematocrit tube is the most common clinical test used to initially assess and monitor anemic and polycythemic animals. In contrast, blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, rather than PCV, is generally determined in human patients. One automated system photometrically measures blood Hb concentration after conversion of Hb to azide methemoglobin without dilution and was found to be a simple and accurate instrument for use in human medicine. We evaluated the system for its accuracy in measuring blood Hb concentration in animals by comparing it with standard techniques and for its suitability in veterinary practice. Blood samples, anticoagulated with potassium EDTA, from 78 healthy animals (33 dogs, 17 cats, 13 horses, and 15 cows) and 58 dogs and 4 cats with various blood abnormalities (10 anemia, 11 polycythemia, 21 lipemia, 16 leukocytosis, and 6 icterus) were analyzed. In all species, blood Hb concentration of healthy animals determined by the system was comparable to that measured by standard cyanmethemoglobin methods (ie, an automated counter; rI = 0.987 to 0.998 and a hemoglobin kit, rI = 0.946 to 0.993). The aforementioned system also yielded similar values to those obtained by use of standard methods in anemic, polycythemic, and icteric dogs and cats. Moreover, the system reads the absorbance at 2 wavelengths to correct for turbidity, and therefore, accurately measured Hb concentration in blood samples with severe lipemia (triglycerides concentration > 500 mg/dl) and marked leukocytosis (> 50,000 WBC/microliter), whereas other standard Hb techniques are known to give falsely high results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
53.
Hume CT Kiupel M Rigatti L Shofer FS Skorupski KA Sorenmo KU 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2011,47(1):37-44
This study reports the outcomes of dogs with grade 3 mast cell tumors (MCTs). Clinical and histopathological data were available for 43 dogs. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 133 and 257 days, respectively. Tumor size, lymph node (LN) status, and mitotic index (MI) significantly influenced PFS in univariate analysis. Tumor size and LN status remained significant in the multivariate analysis. Lymph node status, local tumor control, LN treatment, and MI significantly influenced OS in univariate analysis but only LN status remained significant in multivariate analysis. These results confirm that locoregional control improves outcomes in patients with grade 3 MCTs. 相似文献
54.
Smelstoys JA Davis GJ Learn AE Shofer FE Brown DC 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(2):251-255
OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome of and prognostic indicators for dogs and cats with pneumoperitoneum and no history of penetrating trauma. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 43 dogs and 11 cats. PROCEDURE: Medical records of dogs and cats with radiographic evidence of pneumoperitoneum and no history of penetrating trauma were reviewed. Information collected included signalment, previous medical problems, initial complaint, duration of illness, physical examination findings, radiographic findings, laboratory abnormalities, abdominocentesis results, bacterial culture results, concurrent diseases, hospitalization time, and outcome. Abdominal radiographs were reviewed, and radiographic severity of pneumoperitoneum was classified. For those animals that underwent exploratory laparotomy, time from admission to surgery and results of histologic examination of biopsy specimens were recorded. RESULTS: 24 (44%) animals survived and were discharged from the hospital, but none of the variables examined was associated with whether animals survived. Rupture of the gastrointestinal tract was the cause of pneumoperitoneum in 40 animals. However, cause and location of gastrointestinal tract rupture was not associated with whether animals survived. Twenty-three of 40 (58%) animals that underwent exploratory laparotomy survived, compared with only 1 of 14 animals that did not undergo surgery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that pneumoperitoneum in dogs and cats without any history of penetrating trauma is most commonly associated with rupture of the gastrointestinal tract and requires immediate surgical intervention. Even when appropriate treatment is instituted, the shortterm prognosis is only fair. 相似文献
55.
C. Hume G. Seiler Y. Porat‐Mosenco A. Caceres F. Shofer K. Sorenmo 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2010,8(2):122-126
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the variability of cystosonographic bladder tumor measurements with both operator and bladder volume changes. Ten dogs with bladder tumors were included. In each dog, three operators determined tumor dimensions for three different bladder volumes. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess operator reliability. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and greater than or equal to 50% differences in tumor measurements were used as guidelines. Poor to fair correlations between operators were found for the different tumor dimensions (rI = 0.4 – 0.7). The percent differences in tumor dimensions with operator and bladder volume changes were significant enough to misclassify the tumors into the categories of partial response (PR) or progressive disease (PD). These results suggest that cystosonographic measurements of bladder tumors are affected by both changes in operator and bladder volume, and the discrepancies are significant enough to change response classification. 相似文献
56.
FS Gonçalves LSS Barretto RP Arruda SHV Perri GZ Mingoti 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(1):129-135
Increased amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) may cause cytotoxic damage to gametes, whereas small amounts of ROS favour sperm capacitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of antioxidants [50 μ m β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) and 50 μ m cysteamine (Cyst)] or a pro-oxidant (5 m m buthionine sulfoximine) on the quality and penetrability of spermatozoa into bovine oocytes and on the subsequent embryo development and quality when added during IVF. Sperm quality, evaluated by the integrity of plasma and acrosomal membranes, and mitochondrial function, was diminished (p < 0.05) after 4-h culture in the presence of antioxidants. Oocyte penetration rates were similar between treatments (p > 0.05), but antioxidants adversely affected the normal pronuclear formation rates (p < 0.05). The incidence of polyspermy was high for β-ME (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in cleavage rates between treatments (p > 0.05). However, the developmental rate to the blastocyst stage was adversely affected by Cyst treatment (p < 0.05). The quality of embryos that reached the blastocyst stage, evaluated by total, inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm cell numbers and ICM/total cell ratio was unaffected (p > 0.05) by treatments. The results indicate that ROS play a role in the fertilizing capacity in bovine spermatozoa, as well as in the interaction between the spermatozoa and the oocytes. It can be concluded that supplementation with antioxidants during IVF procedures impairs sperm quality, normal pronuclear formation and embryo development to the blastocyst stage. 相似文献
57.
Mason N Duval D Shofer FS Giger U 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(2):206-212
Cyclophosphamide is commonly used with prednisone in the initial treatment of severe idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) in dogs because retrospective reports suggest its benefit. This randomized controlled prospective clinicaltrial evaluated whether combined cyclophosphamide and prednisone therapy is more efficacious than prednisone therapy alone in the initial treatment of IMHA. Eighteen dogs with acute, severe idiopathic IMHA were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. The P group received prednisone therapy alone (1-2 mg/kg PO q12h), and the PC group received prednisone (1-2 mg/kg PO q12h) and cyclophosphamide (50 mg/m2 PO q24h for 4 consecutive days a week) for 4 weeks. The mortality rate in the P group was 20% (2 of 10), and in the PC group, the mortality rate was 38% (3 of 8). There was no difference in sequential CBC evaluations between the 2 groups. However, whereas dogs in the P group showed increases in reticulocyte count, reticulocytosis was suppressed in dogs in the PC group during the 1st week of therapy. Spherocytosis resolved more quickly in the P group (day 21) than in the PC group (day 28), but the time taken to achieve a negative Coombs' test result was comparable between groups. No difference was observed in the volume of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) given per transfusion between treatment groups, but more dogs in the PC group required a 2nd transfusion. The results of this limited study suggest that cyclophosphamide plus prednisone has no benefit over prednisone alone in the initial treatment of acute, severe idiopathic IMHA indogs. 相似文献
58.
OBJECTIVE: To measure oxytocin concentrations in blood and CSF following central administration of opioid agonists in dogs. ANIMALS: 5 male dogs. PROCEDURE: In a crossover design, CSF and blood were collected immediately before and 15 and 30 minutes after cisternal administration of D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol-enkephalin (DAMGO, a mu-receptor agonist); D-Pen, pCl-Phe4, D-Pen5-enkephalin (a delta-receptor agonist); U50488H (a kappa-receptor agonist); morphine; and saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. RESULTS: Plasma oxytocin concentration was significantly increased 15 minutes after administration of DAMGO and 30 minutes after administration of U50488H, compared with concentrations obtained after administration of saline solution. Concentration of oxytocin in CSF was significantly decreased 30 minutes after administration of U50488H, compared with concentration after administration of saline solution. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that in male dogs, activation of centrally located mu and kappa receptors elicits an overall excitatory effect on neurons that regulate peripheral release of oxytocin, whereas activation of centrally located kappa receptors elicits an overall inhibitory effect on neurons that regulate central release. These results are in contrast to those reported for other species, in which opioids have a pronounced inhibitory effect on release of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis. 相似文献
59.
Mayhew PD McKelvie PJ Biery DN Shofer FS Smith GK 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,220(4):472-476
OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of a radiographic caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte (CCO) on the femoral neck in various breeds and age groups of dogs and to evaluate its contemporaneous relationship with degenerative joint disease (DJD) and distraction index (DI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional prevalence study. ANIMALS: 25,968 dogs, including 3,729 German Shepherd Dogs, 4,545 Golden Retrievers, 6,277 Labrador Retrievers, and 1,191 Rottweilers. PROCEDURE: Data from the University of Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program database were analyzed, including ventrodorsal hip-extended, compression, and distraction radiographs. The CCO and radiographic signs of DJD were considered independent events and were interpreted as either present or absent. Statistical methods were used to evaluate the CCO as a possible risk factor for DJD and assess its association with DI, as measured by use of distraction radiography. RESULTS: When all breeds were pooled, DJD was detected in 8.6% of dogs, and the CCO was detected in 21.6% of dogs. Among dogs with a CCO, 25.1% had radiographic evidence of DJD. Among dogs without a CCO, only 4% had DJD. Dogs with a CCO were 7.9 times as likely to have DJD as were those without a CCO. Additionally, DI, weight, and age were significant risk factors for the CCO. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results confirm the contemporaneous association between the CCO and DJD and that passive hip laxity, as measured by use of the DI, is associated with both the CCO and DJD. 相似文献
60.
K. N. Russell S. J. Mehler K. A. Skorupski J. L. Baez F. S. Shofer M. H. Goldschmidt 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2005,3(1):34-34
Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and leiomyosarcomas (LMS) have recently been differentiated by immunohistochemical staining techniques and have been shown to have different biological behaviors in humans. Expression of the c‐kit protein, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor, occurs in nearly all GISTs. The aim of this study was to differentiate canine GIST from LMS, and to compare their clinicopathological features.
Methods: Archived blocks of previously diagnosed LMS were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against c‐kit, smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, vimentin and S100 was performed. GISTs were diagnosed based on positive c‐kit staining. LMS were diagnosed based on absence of c‐kit staining and positive SMA staining. Follow‐up information was obtained from medical records and telephone interviews with owners.
Results: Forty‐two dogs were included in the study. Mean age was 10.9 yrs (range 5–15 yrs). There were 18 females and 24 males. Twenty‐eight tumors were GISTs, 10 were LMS and 4 stained negatively for c‐kit, SMA and S100 (sarcomas). GISTs were more likely to occur in the large intestine and LMS were more common in the small intestine (p = 0.01). All were surgically excised and only two were treated with adjunctive chemotherapy. Only two GISTs and one sarcoma had metastasized at the time of surgery. Survival time in dogs discharged after surgery for GIST, LMS and sarcomas was 1123, 233 and 88 days respectively (p = 0.08).
Conclusions: Many previously diagnosed LMS should be reclassified as GIST based on the results of immunohistochemical staining. The biological behavior of these tumors appears to be different. 相似文献
Methods: Archived blocks of previously diagnosed LMS were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against c‐kit, smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, vimentin and S100 was performed. GISTs were diagnosed based on positive c‐kit staining. LMS were diagnosed based on absence of c‐kit staining and positive SMA staining. Follow‐up information was obtained from medical records and telephone interviews with owners.
Results: Forty‐two dogs were included in the study. Mean age was 10.9 yrs (range 5–15 yrs). There were 18 females and 24 males. Twenty‐eight tumors were GISTs, 10 were LMS and 4 stained negatively for c‐kit, SMA and S100 (sarcomas). GISTs were more likely to occur in the large intestine and LMS were more common in the small intestine (p = 0.01). All were surgically excised and only two were treated with adjunctive chemotherapy. Only two GISTs and one sarcoma had metastasized at the time of surgery. Survival time in dogs discharged after surgery for GIST, LMS and sarcomas was 1123, 233 and 88 days respectively (p = 0.08).
Conclusions: Many previously diagnosed LMS should be reclassified as GIST based on the results of immunohistochemical staining. The biological behavior of these tumors appears to be different. 相似文献